What is Rapid Recovery Knee Replacement?
Rapid recovery knee replacement, also known as an outpatient knee replacement, is an innovative procedure that is performed to replace a damaged knee joint with a prosthesis using minimally invasive techniques and surgical instruments that minimize post-operative pain and discomfort and promote faster recovery for patients. Traditionally, the surgery was performed through a large incision and the patient was required to stay in the hospital for several days.
Anatomy of Knee
The knee is made up of the thighbone (femur), the shinbone (tibia), and the kneecap (patella). The lower part of the thighbone meets the upper part of the shinbone at the knee joint. A small disc of bone called the kneecap (patella) rests on the front side of the femoral end. The bones are held together by protective tissues, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. Synovial fluid within the joint aids in the smooth movement of the bones over one another. Crescent-shaped cartilage called the meniscus is present between the femur and tibia and acts as a cushion that helps in absorbing shock during weight-bearing activities.
Indications of Rapid Recovery Knee Replacement
Rapid recovery knee replacement is mainly indicated for patients that are relatively healthy without any serious comorbid conditions, that are motivated to actively participate in their recovery by performing the physical therapy exercises as recommended, and that have realistic expectations of the surgical outcome.
Pre-operative Instructions for Rapid Recovery Knee Replacement
Pre-operative preparation for rapid recovery knee replacement includes:
- You will be recommended to perform physical therapy exercises before the surgery to strengthen the muscles that surround and support your knee joint.
- The surgical procedure and what to expect during your post-surgical recovery will be explained to you in detail so you can effectively manage your symptoms.
- Your doctor will perform a thorough physical examination and blood tests to identify any medical issues prior to the surgery.
- Inform your doctor if you are allergic to anesthesia or any medications.
- Do not eat anything from midnight before the day of the surgery.
- Inform your doctor if you are taking any medications.
- Stop smoking and consumption of alcohol two weeks before the surgery.
Procedure for Rapid Recovery Knee Joint Replacement
The procedure is performed under anesthesia and involves the following steps:
- After adequately sterilizing the surgical area, your surgeon will make an incision over the knee joint to access the damaged area.
- The surgeon will remove the damaged cartilage and bone from the joint surfaces.
- Using augmented reality (AR) technology, the surgeon will wear special smart glasses or a helmet-based visor that superimposes digital content, including data and 3D images, onto their view. This allows for precise removal of bone and cartilage and accurate placement of the knee implant.
- The surgeon will prepare the bone surfaces to fit the prosthetic components. The prosthetic joint, made of metal, plastic, or ceramic, is then inserted and secured with bone cement or screws
- The AR technology provides real-time feedback, ensuring the prosthetic components are aligned correctly. The joint is tested through its range of motion to ensure proper function.
- All surrounding tissues and structures are restored to their normal anatomic position. The incision is closed with sutures, and sterile dressings are applied.
Post-operative Instructions for Rapid Recovery Knee Replacement
You will start your rehabilitation a few hours after the surgery. Your doctor will advise you on physical therapy exercises that you should perform and you will be discharged from the hospital on the same day as the surgery or on the next day. Your doctor will prescribe pain medications and give specific instructions on the use of braces and crutches for faster recovery and to reduce post-operative issues.
Risks of Rapid Recovery Knee Replacement
As with any surgical procedure, there is a minimal risk of infection, bleeding, delayed healing, or failure of the implant.
Benefits of Rapid Recovery Knee Replacement
The benefits of rapid recovery knee replacement include:
- Short hospital stay
- Small surgical incision
- Less blood loss
- Low risk of hospital infection
- Reduced pain
- Decreased post-operative complications
- Lowered cost
- Less damage to surrounding tissues
